Cilia are organelles present on almost every cell within the body. In the respiratory tract, motile cilia line the epithelial surface and beat in a coordinated fashion to clear mucus from the airways.

Introduction Airway epithelial cells are recognised as an essential controller for the initiation and perpetuation of asthmatic inflammation, yet the detailed mechanisms remain largely unknown. This ...

Background Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are known to increase the risk of pneumonia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is unclear whether the risk of pneumonia varies ...

The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterised by pulmonary inflammation and increased pulmonary vascular permeability, which results in non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema and ...

Rationale Arikace is a liposomal amikacin preparation for aerosol delivery with potent Pseudomonas aeruginosa killing and prolonged lung deposition. Objectives To examine the safety and efficacy of 28 ...

To evaluate the effectiveness of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended one- and two-layer cloth face covering against a three-ply surgical mask, we challenged the cloth ...

The British Thoracic Society (BTS) guideline for the management of adults with community acquired pneumonia (CAP) published in 2009 was compared with the 2014 National Institute for Health and Care ...

### Philosophy of the guideline ### Assessing patients Figure 1 Chart 1: Oxygen prescription for acutely hypoxaemic patients in hospital. ABG, arterial blood gas; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary ...

Rationale OPEP devices are often used therapeutically in order to aid airway clearance where excess mucus is a challenge, such as in bronchiectasis, CF and COPD. Ease of use, ability to clean and ...

Introduction Post-discharge pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) within 7–10 days after discharge from hospital admission for acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) has been shown not only to result in the well ...

The term ‘pneumothorax’ was first coined by Itard and then Laennec in 1803 and 1819 respectively,1 and refers to air in the pleural cavity (ie, interspersed between the lung and the chest wall). At ...

### Need for recommendations on managing passengers with lung disease planning air travel Air travel is now a common mode of travel for millions, with a single UK airline carrying over 33 million ...