More than half the Arctic's coastline is Russian territory and in the last six years Moscow has built more than 475 military bases along its northern border.

As competition for resources in the Arctic Ocean intensifies ... other Arctic nations and kicked the international rush to map out claims to the seabed into high gear. Last month, the United ...

The Arctic Ocean (Figure 1), the smallest of the world's five major oceans, is about 4000km (2500 miles) long and 2400km (1500 miles) wide, about the size of the continental USA. It lies entirely ...

The sea ice that blankets the Arctic Ocean isn’t the unbroken white mantle depicted in maps. It’s a jigsaw puzzle of restless floes that are constantly colliding, deforming, and fracturing ...