Vector, scalar, and hybrid electromagnetic toroidal vortices. Recently, a major breakthrough in the field of optical toroidal vortices has been achieved and published in Science Advances [11(8 ...
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Study unveils a spontaneous toroidal polar topology in the helielectric nematic stateIf one applies a DC electric field antiparallel to the polarization ... further studies investigating the polar-interaction-driven toroidal polar topology they uncovered. In addition, it could ...
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