Motor positioning, for example, wasn’t as straightforward as using a rotary encoder and a microcontroller ... ensuring their magnetic fields remain synchronized and their rotors stay in step.

Precision of rotational and linear measurement underpins motion control systems, and optical encoders are a mainstay in delivering this. Converting mechanical motion into digital signals enables ...

AI is evolving at an incredible pace, but its growing energy demands pose a major challenge. Enter spintronic devices—new ...

Vine, F. J., and Matthews, D. H., Nature, 199, 947 (1963).