Geometric (proxy-based) haptic rendering algorithms are widely used in impedance-type haptic rendering. Such methods are useful for developing complex virtual environment because they reduce ...

Abstract: The authors derive impedance and admittance formulas for a system of nonparallel conductors together with an approximate method of evaluating impedance and admittance using an existing ...

Background: Patients with aerophagia are believed to have excessive belches due to air swallowing. Intraluminal impedance monitoring has made it possible to investigate the validity of this concept.