Toroidal vortices, common in fluid dynamics, are newly explored in electromagnetism as two distinct forms: vector toroidal ...

If one applies a DC electric field antiparallel to the polarization ... further studies investigating the polar-interaction-driven toroidal polar topology they uncovered. In addition, it could ...

The other magnetic field going around the length of the doughnut is referred to as toroidal (green horizontal circle). The combination of these two fields creates a three-dimensional curve, like a ...