Toroidal vortices, common in fluid dynamics, are newly explored in electromagnetism as two distinct forms: vector toroidal ...

[PDF via NewAtlas] Inspired by some of the experiments with “ring wings” in the early 20th Century, researchers iterated on various toroidal propeller geometries until arriving at one that ...

Dipole toroidal modes are a unique set of excitations that are predicted to occur in various physical systems, ranging from atomic nuclei to metamaterials. What characterizes these excitations ...