"By tracing magnetic field lines at extremely high resolution, we can calculate a 3D map of the so-called squashing factor: a scientific measure designed to indicate the presence of complex ...

the angle at which magnetic field lines intersect the Earth. The turtles use these two pieces of information, which vary at every point on the planet's surface, as navigational markers that help ...

Instead, their magnetic fields are more of a jumbled maze than an ordered set of lines. Earth’s spinning ... that used Voyager data to build a simulation of the interior of both planets.