This layer, known as the D" layer, is about 1,900 miles underneath the Earth's surface, resting between the liquid outer core ...

However, without buckets of water on its surface like Earth has, tidal effects on the ... The team found that, by including a softer layer at the base of the moon's mantle, it was easier to ...

below the planet's surface. The next layer, the mantle, stretches about 1,800 miles (2,900km) below Earth's surface. The mantle contains both magma, or molten rock, and slowly-moving solid rock.

The layer acts as a skin for the Earth ... It covers approximately 12% of the Earth's surface and can play a vital role, especially in dry ecosystems, by preventing soil erosion and helping ...

The oxygen-rich ozone layer was also established, shielding the Earth's surface from harmful solar radiation. The first multicelled animals appeared in the fossil record almost 600 million years ago.