are actually dipole electric (E1) but with rather unusual properties, resembling the toroidal ones," explained von Neumann-Cosel and Nesterenko. "That's why we started to think about what the ...

do not possess an electric dipole moment. To explain this, it was suggested that axions, tiny and incredibly light particles, can "cancel out" this imbalance. If observed, this process would ...

By learning how to minimize the effect of quantum noise in this type of system, I hope to advance the precise measurements required for atomic clocks and in searches for permanent electric dipole ...

Polaritons are hybrid particles made up of a photon strongly coupled to an electric dipole. Examples of such a dipole include an electron–hole pair in a semiconductor, which forms an exciton ...